Ikoreshwa ryikibazo cyo gusohora amazi mabi muri Shanghai yo Kwica Inyama Zitoshye no Gutunganya

Isosiyete itunganya inyama ifite icyicaro i Shanghai yashinzwe mu 2011 ikaba iherereye mu Karere ka Songjiang. Mubikorwa byubucuruzi harimo ibikorwa byemewe nko kubaga ingurube, inkoko n’ubworozi, kugabura ibiryo, no gutwara imizigo yo mu muhanda (usibye ibikoresho bishobora guteza akaga). Ikigo cy’ababyeyi, isosiyete ikora inganda n’ubucuruzi ikorera muri Shanghai nayo iherereye mu Karere ka Songjiang, ni ikigo cyigenga gikora cyane cyane mu bworozi bw’ingurube. Igenzura ubworozi bunini bunini bw'ingurube, kuri ubu bukomeza kubiba hafi 5.000 byororoka bifite umusaruro w’umwaka kugeza ku 100.000 ingurube ziteguye ku isoko. Byongeye kandi, isosiyete ikorana n’imirima 50 y’ibidukikije ihuza ubuhinzi n’ubworozi.

Kwica inyama mbisi no gutunganya inganda

Amazi mabi aturuka mu ibagiro ry'ingurube arimo ibintu byinshi hamwe nintungamubiri. Iyo isohotse itavuwe, itera ingaruka zikomeye kuri sisitemu y’amazi, ubutaka, ubwiza bw’ikirere, hamwe n’ibinyabuzima bigari. Ingaruka zambere z’ibidukikije ni izi zikurikira:

1. Umwanda w’amazi (ingaruka zihuse kandi zikomeye)
Amazi ya Slaughterhouse akungahaye ku myanda ihumanya nintungamubiri. Iyo irekuwe mu nzuzi, mu biyaga, cyangwa mu byuzi, ibinyabuzima - nk'amaraso, ibinure, ibintu byangiza, n'ibisigazwa by'ibiribwa - byangirika na mikorobe, inzira itwara ogisijeni yashonze (DO). Kugabanuka kwa DO biganisha kuri anaerobic, bikaviramo gupfa ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi nk'amafi na shrimp kubera hypoxia. Kwangirika kwa Anaerobic bikomeza kubyara imyuka mibi - harimo hydrogène sulfide, ammonia, na mercaptans - itera ibara ry'amazi n'impumuro mbi, bigatuma amazi adakoreshwa intego iyo ari yo yose.

Amazi mabi arimo kandi azote ya azote (N) na fosifore (P). Iyo winjiye mu mazi y’amazi, intungamubiri zitera gukura gukabije kwa algae na phytoplankton, biganisha ku ndabyo za algal cyangwa imigezi itukura. Kwangirika kwa algae zapfuye bikomeza kugabanya ogisijeni, bigahungabanya urusobe rw’amazi. Amazi ya Eutropique afite ubuziranenge bwangirika kandi ntibikwiriye kunywa, kuhira, cyangwa gukoresha inganda.

Byongeye kandi, imyanda irashobora gutwara mikorobe zitera indwara - zirimo bagiteri, virusi, n'amagi ya parasite (urugero, Escherichia coli na Salmonella) - bituruka mu mara y’inyamaswa n’umwanda. Izi virusi zishobora gukwirakwira binyuze mu mazi, zanduza amasoko y'amazi yo hepfo, byongera ibyago byo kwandura indwara zoonotic, no guhungabanya ubuzima rusange.

2. Umwanda wubutaka
Niba amazi y’amazi asohotse mu butaka cyangwa agakoreshwa mu kuhira imyaka, ibinure byahagaritswe hamwe n’amavuta birashobora gufunga imyenge y’ubutaka, guhungabanya imiterere y’ubutaka, kugabanya ubwikorezi, no kubangamira imizi. Kuba hari imiti yica udukoko, imiti yangiza, hamwe n’ibyuma biremereye (urugero, umuringa na zinc) biva mu biryo by’amatungo birashobora kwirundanyiriza mu butaka uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana, bigahindura imiterere y’imiterere y’imiti, bigatera umunyu cyangwa uburozi, kandi bigatuma ubutaka butabereye ubuhinzi. Azote nyinshi na fosifore birenze ubushobozi bwo gufata ibihingwa birashobora kwangiza ibihingwa ("gutwika ifumbire") kandi bishobora gutemba mu mazi yo mu butaka, bikaba bishobora guteza ingaruka mbi.

3. Umwanda
Mugihe cya anaerobic, kwangirika kwamazi yangiza imyuka yangiza kandi yangiza nka hydrogen sulfide (H₂S, irangwa numunuko wamagi uboze), ammonia (NH₃), amine, na mercaptans. Ibyo byuka ntibitera gusa impumuro mbi yibasira abaturage hafi ahubwo binangiza ubuzima; kwibanda cyane kuri H₂S ni uburozi kandi birashobora kwica. Byongeye kandi, metani (CH₄), gaze ikomeye ya parike ifite ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi inshuro zirenga makumyabiri za dioxyde de carbone, ikorwa mugihe cyo gusya kwa anaerobic, bigira uruhare mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere.

isesengura rya ogisijeni (COD) isesengura

Mu Bushinwa, gusohora amazi y’amazi bigengwa na sisitemu y’uruhushya rusaba kubahiriza imipaka y’ibyuka bihumanya. Ibikoresho bigomba gukurikiza byimazeyo amabwiriza y’uruhushya rwo kwanduza umwanda kandi byujuje ibisabwa n "" Ikwirakwizwa ry’amazi y’imyanda ihumanya y’inganda zitunganya inyama "(GB 13457-92), hamwe n’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibanze bishobora gukomera.

Kubahiriza ibipimo bisohoka bisuzumwa hifashishijwe gukurikirana ibintu bitanu byingenzi: ogisijeni ikenerwa (COD), azote ya amoniya (NH₃-N), fosifore yose (TP), azote yose (TN), na pH. Ibipimo ngenderwaho ni ibipimo ngenderwaho mu gusuzuma imikorere y’ibikorwa byo gutunganya amazi y’amazi - harimo gutembera, gutandukanya amavuta, kuvura ibinyabuzima, kuvanaho intungamubiri, no kwanduza indwara - bigafasha guhinduka ku gihe kugira ngo imyanda isohore neza kandi yujuje ibisabwa.

- Icyifuzo cya Oxygene ikenewe (COD):COD ipima urugero rwibintu byose byangiza umubiri mumazi. Indangagaciro za COD zerekana umwanda mwinshi. Amazi mabi ya Slaughterhouse, arimo amaraso, ibinure, proteyine, nibintu bya fecal, mubisanzwe byerekana ubukana bwa COD buri hagati ya 2000 na 8000 mg / L cyangwa irenga. Kugenzura COD ni ngombwa mu gusuzuma imikorere yo gukuraho imitwaro kama no kwemeza ko uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi mabi bukora neza mubidukikije byemewe.

- Azote ya Amoniya (NH₃-N): Iyi parameter yerekana ubunini bwa ammonia yubusa (NH₃) na amonium ion (NH₄⁺) mumazi. Nitrifike ya ammonia itwara ogisijeni ishonga kandi ishobora gutuma ogisijeni igabanuka. Amoniya yubusa ni uburozi cyane mubuzima bwamazi ndetse no mubutumburuke buke. Byongeye kandi, ammonia ikora nkintungamubiri zo gukura kwa algal, bigira uruhare muri eutrophication. Bikomoka kumeneka yinkari, umwanda, na proteyine mumazi yica. Gukurikirana NH₃-N byemeza imikorere myiza ya nitrifisation na denitrification kandi bikagabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije n’ubuzima.

- Azote Yuzuye (TN) na Fosifore Yuzuye (TP):TN yerekana igiteranyo cyubwoko bwose bwa azote (ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, azote kama), mugihe TP irimo fosifore zose. Byombi ni abashoferi bambere ba eutrophication. Iyo bisohotse mumazi agenda buhoro nkibiyaga, ibigega, ninzuzi, imyanda ikungahaye kuri azote- na fosifore itera imikurire ya algal iturika - bisa n’ifumbire mvaruganda - biganisha kumurabyo wa algal. Amabwiriza y’amazi ya kijyambere ashyiraho imipaka ikabije kubisohoka TN na TP. Gukurikirana ibi bipimo byerekana imikorere yubuhanga buhanitse bwo gukuraho intungamubiri kandi bigafasha kwirinda kwangiza ibidukikije.

- Agaciro pH:pH yerekana aside cyangwa alkaline y'amazi. Ibinyabuzima byinshi byo mu mazi birokoka murwego ruto rwa pH (mubisanzwe 6-9). Imbaraga zifite aside irike cyangwa alkaline irashobora kwangiza ubuzima bwo mu mazi no guhungabanya ibidukikije. Ku bimera bitunganya amazi mabi, kubungabunga pH birakenewe kugirango imikorere myiza yuburyo bwo gutunganya ibinyabuzima. Gukurikirana pH gukomeza gushyigikira inzira ihamye no kubahiriza amabwiriza.

Isosiyete yashyizeho ibikoresho bikurikira byo gukurikirana kuri interineti biva muri Boqu Instruments ku isoko ryayo risohoka:
- CODG-3000 Kumurongo wa Automatic Chemical Oxygene Ikurikirana
- NHNG-3010 Amoniya Azote Kumurongo wa Automatic Monitor
- TPG-3030 Fosifore Yose Kumurongo Wisesengura
- TNG-3020 Azote Yuzuye Kumurongo Wisesengura
- PHG-2091 pH Isesengura ryikora kuri interineti

Ammonia Azote Kumurongo wa Automatic Monitor

Fosifore Yuzuye Azote Kumurongo Wisesengura

Abasesenguzi bashoboza gukurikirana-igihe nyacyo cya COD, azote ya amoniya, fosifore yuzuye, azote yose, hamwe na pH murwego rwamazi. Aya makuru yorohereza gusuzuma ihumana ry’intungamubiri n’intungamubiri, gusuzuma ingaruka z’ibidukikije n’ubuzima rusange, hamwe no gufata ibyemezo bijyanye n’ingamba zo kuvura. Byongeye kandi, itanga uburyo bunoze bwo kuvura, kunoza imikorere, kugabanya ibiciro byakazi, kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije, no kubahiriza byimazeyo amategeko y’ibidukikije ndetse n’ibanze.