Nigute umuvuduko w'amazi upimwa?

Guhungabana ni iki?

Imyivumbagatanyo ni igipimo cy'igicu cyangwa akaga k'amazi, akoreshwa cyane mu gusuzuma ubwiza bw'amazi mu mazi asanzwe - nk'inzuzi, ibiyaga, inyanja - ndetse no muri gahunda yo gutunganya amazi. Ivuka bitewe no kuba hari uduce twahagaritswe, harimo sili, algae, plankton, n’ibicuruzwa biva mu nganda, bikwirakwiza urumuri runyura mu nkingi y’amazi.
Ubushuhe busanzwe bugereranywa mubice bya nephelometrike (NTU), hamwe nagaciro gakomeye kerekana amazi menshi. Iki gice gishingiye ku bwinshi bwurumuri rwatatanye nuduce twahagaritswe mumazi, nkuko bipimwa na nephelometero. Nephelometero imurika urumuri binyuze murugero kandi ikamenya urumuri rutatanye nuduce twahagaritswe kuri dogere 90. Indangagaciro za NTU zerekana ububobere bwinshi, cyangwa ibicu, mumazi. Indangagaciro za NTU zerekana amazi meza.
Kurugero: Amazi meza ashobora kuba afite agaciro ka NTU hafi 0.Amazi yo kunywa, akeneye kuba yujuje ubuziranenge bwumutekano, mubisanzwe afite NTU iri munsi ya 1.Amazi afite umwanda mwinshi cyangwa uduce twahagaritswe arashobora kugira indangagaciro za NTU ziri mumajana cyangwa ibihumbi.

Kuki gupima ubwiza bwamazi?

Kuzamuka kurwego rwo hejuru bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi nyinshi:
1） Kugabanya urumuri rwinjira: Ibi byangiza fotosintezeza mu bimera byo mu mazi, bityo bigahagarika urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bigari by’amazi biterwa n’umusaruro wibanze.
2） Gufunga sisitemu yo kuyungurura: Ibikomeye byahagaritswe bishobora kubuza gushungura mubigo bitunganya amazi, kongera amafaranga yo gukora no kugabanya uburyo bwo kuvura.
3） Kwishyira hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya: Uduce duto dutera imivurungano akenshi dukora nk'utwara ibintu byangiza, nka mikorobe itera indwara, ibyuma biremereye, hamwe n’imiti y’ubumara, bikaba byangiza ubuzima bw’ibidukikije ndetse n’ubuzima bwa muntu.
Muri make, imivurungano ikora nk'ikimenyetso gikomeye cyo gusuzuma uburinganire bw’umubiri, imiti, n’ibinyabuzima by’amazi, cyane cyane mu gukurikirana ibidukikije no mu rwego rw’ubuzima rusange.
Ni irihe hame ryo gupima akajagari?

Ihame ryo gupima imivurungano rishingiye ku gukwirakwiza urumuri uko runyuze mu cyitegererezo cy’amazi kirimo ibice byahagaritswe. Iyo urumuri ruhuye nibi bice, rusakara mu byerekezo bitandukanye, kandi ubukana bwurumuri rwatatanye buringaniye nuburinganire bwibice bihari. Ibice byinshi byo kwibandaho bituma urumuri rwiyongera, biganisha ku guhungabana kwinshi.

ihame ryo gupima ibintu

Inzira irashobora gucikamo intambwe zikurikira:
Inkomoko yumucyo: Urumuri rwumucyo, rusanzwe rutangwa na laser cyangwa LED, ruyobowe nicyitegererezo cyamazi.
Ibice byahagaritswe: Nkuko urumuri rukwirakwira binyuze mu cyitegererezo, ibintu byahagaritswe - nk'imyanda, algae, plankton, cyangwa umwanda - bitera urumuri gukwirakwira mu byerekezo byinshi.
Kumenya urumuri rutatanye: A.nephelometero, igikoresho gikoreshwa mugupima ubudahangarwa, kimenya urumuri rwatatanye kuri dogere 90 ugereranije nurumuri rwabaye. Uku gutahura inguni nuburyo busanzwe kubera ubukangurambaga bukabije bwo gutatanya ibice.
Gupima Umucyo utatanye: Ubukomezi bwurumuri rwatatanye buragereranywa, hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi zerekana ubunini bwinshi bwibice byahagaritswe, bityo rero, umuvurungano mwinshi.
Iharurwa rya Turbidity: Umuvuduko wapimye urumuri rwahinduwe uhinduka muri Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU), utanga agaciro gasanzwe kagereranya urwego rwumuvurungano.
Ni iki gipima umuvuduko w'amazi?

Gupima amazi y’amazi ukoresheje ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma byifashishwa mu nganda zigezweho. Mubisanzwe, isesengura ryimikorere myinshi irasabwa kwerekana ibipimo nyabyo, bigafasha buri gihe ibyuma byikora byikora, kandi bigatera imenyesha kubisomwa bidasanzwe, bityo bikubahiriza ubuziranenge bwamazi.

Kumurongo wa Turbidity Sensor (Amazi yo mu nyanja apima)

Ibidukikije bitandukanye bikora bisaba gukemura ibibazo bitandukanye. Muri sisitemu yo gutanga amazi ya kabiri yo guturamo, ibihingwa bitunganya amazi, hamwe n’ahantu hasohokera no gusohokera h’ibikorwa by’amazi meza, metero ntoya y’umuvuduko ukabije ufite ibipimo bihanitse kandi bipima ibipimo bigizwe ahanini. Ibi biterwa nibisabwa bikenewe kurwego rwo hasi rwimivurungano muriyi miterere. Kurugero, mubihugu byinshi, amahame agenga amazi ya robine ahacururizwa uruganda agaragaza urwego rwumuvurungano uri munsi ya 1 NTU. Nubwo gupima amazi ya pisine bidakunze kugaragara, iyo bikozwe, birasaba kandi umuvuduko muke cyane, mubisanzwe bisaba gukoresha metero ntoya.

Ibipimo bito bya Turbidity Metero TBG-6188T

Ibinyuranye, porogaramu nkibikorwa byo gutunganya amazi mabi hamwe ninganda zisohora imyanda bisaba metero ndende cyane. Amazi muri ibi bidukikije akunze kwerekana ihindagurika rikomeye kandi irashobora kuba irimo ibintu byinshi byahagaritswe, uduce duto twa colloidal, cyangwa imvura igwa. Indangagaciro zahindutse kenshi zirenga imipaka yo hejuru yibikoresho bya ultra-low-range ibikoresho. Kurugero, imivurungano ikomeye ku ruganda rutunganya amazi y’amazi irashobora kugera kuri NTU magana, kandi na nyuma yubuvuzi bwambere, kugenzura urwego rw’imyanda muri NTU icumi birakenewe. Imetero ndende ya turbidity isanzwe ikora ku ihame ryumucyo utatanye-woherejwe. Ukoresheje uburyo bwagutse bwo kwagura tekinike, ibyo bikoresho bigera kubushobozi bwo gupima kuva 0.1 NTU kugeza 4000 NTU mugihe gikomeza neza ± 2% yubunini bwuzuye.

Inganda Kumurongo Wisesengura

Mu nganda zihariye, urugero nka farumasi n’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa, ndetse hasabwa byinshi bisabwa kugira ngo habeho ibipimo by’imyororokere. Izi nganda zikunze gukoresha metero ebyiri-zifite uburebure bwa metero ebyiri, zikubiyemo urumuri kugira ngo rwishyure imvururu zatewe n’imihindagurikire y’umucyo n’imihindagurikire y’ubushyuhe, bityo bigatuma ibipimo byizewe bihoraho. Kurugero, ubwinshi bwamazi yo gutera inshinge bugomba kubikwa munsi ya 0.1 NTU, bigashyiraho ibisabwa bikomeye kubyerekeranye no kumva ibikoresho no kutabangamira.
Byongeye kandi, hamwe niterambere rya tekinoroji ya Internet yibintu (IoT), sisitemu yo kugenzura imivurungano igezweho iragenda iba ubwenge kandi ihujwe. Kwishyira hamwe kwa 4G / 5G modules itumanaho ituma mugihe nyacyo cyohereza amakuru yimyanda kurubuga rwibicu, byorohereza gukurikirana kure, gusesengura amakuru, no kumenyesha byikora. Kurugero, uruganda rutunganya amazi ya komini rwashyize mubikorwa uburyo bwogukurikirana bwubwenge buhuza amakuru asohoka hamwe na sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amazi. Iyo hamenyekanye imivurungano idasanzwe, sisitemu ihita ihindura imiti ikoreshwa, bigatuma habaho iterambere ry’amazi kuva kuri 98% kugeza kuri 99.5%, hamwe no kugabanuka kwa 12%.
Ese guhungabana ni igitekerezo kimwe nikintu cyose cyahagaritswe?

Guhindagurika hamwe na Byose byahagaritswe (TSS) nibisobanuro bifitanye isano, ariko siko bimeze. Byombi bivuga ibice byahagaritswe mumazi, ariko biratandukanye mubyo bapima nuburyo byapimwe.
Imyivumbagatanyo ipima ibintu byiza byamazi, byumwihariko uko urumuri rutatanye nuduce twahagaritswe.Ntabwo bipima mu buryo butaziguye ingano y’ibice, ahubwo ni uburyo urumuri rwahagaritswe cyangwa ruyobowe n’utwo turere.

Inganda zose zahagaritswe (TSS) Metero

Byose byahagaritswe.
TSS ipimwa mu kuyungurura ingano izwi y'amazi binyuze muyungurura (ubusanzwe akayunguruzo gafite uburemere buzwi) .Nyuma y'amazi amaze kuyungurura, ibintu bisigaye kuri filteri byumye kandi bipimwa.Ibisubizo bigaragarira muri miligarama kuri litiro (mg / L) .TSS ifitanye isano itaziguye nubunini bwibice byahagaritswe, ariko ntibitanga amakuru kubyerekeranye nubunini buke cyangwa uko ibice bitatanya.
Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi:
1） Imiterere yo gupima:
Guhindagurika ni umutungo mwiza (uburyo urumuri rutatanye cyangwa rwakiriwe).
TSS numutungo wumubiri (ubwinshi bwibice byahagaritswe mumazi).
2） Ibyo bapima:
Guhindagurika bitanga kwerekana uburyo amazi asobanutse cyangwa yuzuye, ariko ntatanga ubwinshi bwibintu bikomeye.
TSS itanga igipimo kiziguye cy'ubunini bw'amazi mu mazi, utitaye ku kuntu bigaragara neza.
3） Ibice:
Guhindagurika bipimirwa muri NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units).
TSS ipimwa muri mg / L (miligarama kuri litiro).
Ibara n'umuvurungano birasa?

Ibara n'umuvurungano ntabwo ari kimwe, nubwo byombi bigira ingaruka kumiterere y'amazi.

Amazi meza Kumurongo Wamabara

Dore itandukaniro:
Ibara bivuga ibara cyangwa ibara ryamazi yatewe nibintu byashonze, nkibintu kama (nkibibabi byangirika) cyangwa imyunyu ngugu (nka fer cyangwa manganese) .N'amazi meza ashobora kugira ibara niba arimo ibara ryashushe.
Guhindagurika bivuga ibicu cyangwa ububi bwamazi yatewe nuduce duto twahagaritswe, nkibumba, sili, mikorobe, cyangwa ibindi bintu byiza.Bipima uburyo ibice bitatanya urumuri runyura mumazi.
Muri make:
Ibara = ibintu byashonze
Guhindagurika = ibice byahagaritswe