Imeri:joy@shboqu.com

English

Gukurikirana urugero rwa ogisijeni yashongeshejwe mu buryo bwo gushyushya imiti mu buryo bwa Bio

Ogisijeni Ishongeshejwe ni iki?

Ogisijeni ishongeshejwe (DO) yerekeza kuri ogisijeni y'ingirabuzimafatizo (O₂) ishongeshwa mu mazi. Itandukanye na atome za ogisijeni ziba mu molecule z'amazi (H₂O), kuko iba mu mazi mu buryo bwa molekile za ogisijeni zigenga, zaba zikomoka mu kirere cyangwa zikomoka kuri fotositemu n'ibimera byo mu mazi. Ingano ya DO iterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye, birimo ubushyuhe, umunyu, amazi atembera, n'ibikorwa bya binyabuzima. Bityo, ni ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyo gusuzuma ubuzima n'umwanda w'ibidukikije byo mu mazi.

Ogisijeni ishongeshejwe igira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere imikorere ya mikorobe, igira ingaruka ku guhumeka, gukura, no gukora imikorere y’ibikomoka ku mikorere ya metabolic. Ariko, urugero rwo hejuru rwa ogisijeni ishongeshejwe si byiza buri gihe. Ogisijeni irenze urugero ishobora gutuma imikorere y’ibikomoka ku mikorere ya metabolic ikomeza kandi ishobora gutera ingaruka mbi. Urugero rwiza rwa DO rutandukanye bitewe n’ubwoko butandukanye bwa bagiteri. Urugero, mu gihe cyo gukora penicillin, DO iguma ku kigero cya 30% by’umwuka uhagije. Iyo DO igabanutse ikagera kuri zeru ikamara iminota itanu, imiterere y’ibikomoka ku mikorere ishobora kwangirika cyane. Iyo iki kibazo kimaze iminota 20, hashobora kubaho kwangirika ku buryo budasubirwaho.

Muri iki gihe, sensor za DO zikoreshwa cyane zishobora gupima gusa ubwinshi bw'umwuka uhagije, aho gupima ubwinshi bw'umwuka wa ogisijeni washongeshejwe. Nyuma yo gusukura ibidukikije, umwuka uhumeka no gukangura bikorwa kugeza igihe isesengura ry'icyuma rihagaze neza, aho agaciro kashyirwa ku 100% by'umwuka uhagije. Ibipimo bikurikira mu gihe cyo gushyushya bishingiye kuri iyi referensi. Agaciro ka DO rwose ntigashobora kugenwa hakoreshejwe sensor zisanzwe kandi bisaba ubuhanga buhanitse, nka polarography. Ariko, ibipimo by'umwuka uhagije muri rusange birahagije mu gukurikirana no kugenzura inzira zo gushyushya.

Mu gice cy’umusemburo, urugero rwa DO rushobora gutandukana mu turere dutandukanye. Nubwo haboneka igipimo gihamye mu gihe kimwe, impinduka zishobora kubaho mu buryo bumwe na bumwe bw’imico. Abasemburo banini bakunda kugaragaza impinduka nini mu rwego rwa DO, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikurire n’umusaruro wa mikorobe. Ibimenyetso byakorewe mu bushakashatsi byagaragaje ko nubwo urugero rwa DO rushobora kuba 30%, imikorere y’umusemburo mu bihe bihindagurika iba iri hasi cyane ugereranyije n’ibihe bihindagurika. Kubwibyo, mu kongera umubare w’abasemburo—urenze ku bijyanye n’imiterere y’ijimetero n’ingufu—kugabanya itandukaniro rya DO mu bice bigikomeje kuba intego y’ingenzi y’ubushakashatsi.

Kuki kugenzura umwuka wa ogisijeni ushongeshejwe ari ingenzi mu gushyushya imiti?

1. Kubungabunga ibidukikije byiza byo gukura ku tunyabuzima duto cyangwa uturemangingo
Ubusanzwe, gushyushya mu nganda bigizwe na mikorobe zikora ku mubiri, nka Escherichia coli n'umusemburo, cyangwa selile z'inyamabere, nka selile z'intanga ngore zo mu Bushinwa za Hamster (CHO). Izi selile zikora nk' "abakozi" mu buryo bwo gushyushya, zikenera ogisijeni kugira ngo zihumeke kandi zikore neza. Ogisijeni ikora nk'igikoresho cyo kwakira electron mu guhumeka, bigatuma habaho ingufu mu buryo bwa ATP. Ogisijeni idahagije ishobora gutuma selile zibura umwuka, zihagarara gukura, cyangwa se zigapfa, amaherezo bigatera kunanirwa gushyushya. Gukurikirana urugero rwa DO byemeza ko ubwinshi bwa ogisijeni buguma mu rugero rwiza kugira ngo selile zikomeze gukura no kubaho.

2. Kugenzura ikorwa ry'ibicuruzwa by'ingenzi mu buryo bunoze
Intego yo gushyushya imiti mu buryo bwa biopharmaceutical si uguteza imbere ikwirakwira ry’uturemangingo gusa, ahubwo ni no koroshya ikorwa ry’ibicuruzwa byifuzwa, nka insuline, antibodies monoclonal, inkingo, na enzymes. Izi nzira zo gukora mu buryo bwa biopharmaceutical akenshi zisaba ingufu nyinshi, cyane cyane zikomoka ku guhumeka mu buryo bwa aerobic. Byongeye kandi, sisitemu nyinshi za enzymes zigize uruhare mu ikorwa ry’ibicuruzwa zishingiye ku mwuka wa ogisijeni. Kubura umwuka wa ogisijeni bishobora kubangamira cyangwa kugabanya imikorere y’izi nzira.

Byongeye kandi, urugero rwa DO rukora nk'ikimenyetso cyo kugenzura. Ingano ya DO haba iri hejuru cyane n'iy'igabanuka ishobora:
- Hindura inzira z'imikorere y'uturemangingo, urugero, kuva mu guhumeka hakoreshejwe aerobic kugera ku gukora fermentation idakora neza ya anaerobic.
- Bitera ingaruka ku mihangayiko y'uturemangingo, biganisha ku gukora ibintu bidakenewe.
- Igira ingaruka ku rugero rw'imikorere ya poroteyine zo hanze.

Mu kugenzura neza urugero rwa DO mu byiciro bitandukanye byo guhinga, birashoboka kuyobora imikorere y'uturemangingo mu buryo bwimbitse mu gukora umusaruro wihariye, bityo bikagera ku guhinga ku bwinshi no gutanga umusaruro mwinshi.

3. Gukumira ibura rya ogisijeni cyangwa irenga ry'umwuka
Kubura umwuka wa ogisijeni (hypoxia) bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye:
- Gukura kw'uturemangingo no gukora ibicuruzwa birahagarara.
- Ihinduka ry’imikorere y’umubiri rihinduka rijya mu nzira z’umwuka udakora neza, bigatuma habaho kwirundanya kwa aside organic nka aside lactic na aside asetiki, bigabanya pH y’uburyo bwo gukurura ibinyabuzima kandi bishobora kwangiza uturemangingo.
- Kubura umwuka mu mubiri igihe kirekire bishobora gutera kwangirika ku buryo budasubirwaho, aho gukira bitarangira neza nubwo umwuka wa ogisijeni wasubijwe.

Ogisijeni nyinshi (superwealth) na yo itera ibyago:
- Bishobora gutera stress ya oxidative no kurema ubwoko bwa ogisijeni ikora (ROS), byangiza uturemangingo tw’umubiri n’uturemangingo tw’ibinyabuzima.
- Guhumeka cyane no gukurura ibyuma byongera ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'ikiguzi cy'imikorere, bigatera gusesagura umutungo bitari ngombwa.

4. Nk'igipimo cy'ingenzi cyo kugenzura no kugenzura ibitekerezo mu gihe nyacyo

DO ni igipimo cy’igihe nyacyo, gihoraho, kandi cyuzuye kigaragaza imiterere y’imbere mu buryo bwo gushyushya. Impinduka mu rugero rwa DO zishobora kugaragaza mu buryo bw’umwihariko imiterere itandukanye y’umubiri n’imikorere:
- Gukura vuba kw'uturemangingo byongera ikoreshwa rya ogisijeni, bigatuma urugero rwa DO rugabanuka.
- Kugabanuka cyangwa kubuza ibintu guhindagurika bigabanya imikorere y'umubiri, bigabanura ikoreshwa rya ogisijeni kandi bigatera urugero rwa DO kwiyongera.
- Kwanduzwa na mikorobe zo mu mahanga bihindura imiterere y’ikoreshwa rya ogisijeni, bigatera ihindagurika ridasanzwe rya DO kandi bikaba ikimenyetso cy’uburinzi hakiri kare.
- Ikosa ry'ibikoresho, nko kunanirwa k'umuyoboro w'amazi, kuziba imiyoboro y'umwuka, cyangwa gukurura icyuma gisukura, nabyo bishobora gutera imyitwarire idasanzwe ya DO.

Mu gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kugenzura DO mu buryo bwihuse muri sisitemu yo kugenzura ibitekerezo byikora, kugenzura neza urwego rwa DO bishobora kugerwaho binyuze mu guhindura ibipimo bikurikira:
- Gukangura umuvuduko: Kongera umuvuduko byongera imikorere ya gazi n'amazi binyuze mu gukata uduce tw'umwuka, bityo bikanoza uburyo bwo kohereza ogisijeni neza. Ubu ni bwo buryo bukunze gukoreshwa kandi bufite akamaro.
- Igipimo cy'umwuka uhumeka: Guhindura igipimo cy'amazi yinjira cyangwa imiterere y'umwuka winjira (urugero, kongera igipimo cy'umwuka cyangwa ogisijeni yuzuye).
- Umuvuduko w'ikigega: Kongera umuvuduko w'umwuka byongera umuvuduko wa ogisijeni, bityo bikongera ubushobozi bwo gushonga.
- Ubushyuhe: Kugabanya ubushyuhe byongera ubushobozi bwo gushonga kwa ogisijeni mu buryo bwo korora.

Inama za BOQU ku bicuruzwa byo gukurikirana imikorere y’ibikomoka ku binyabuzima kuri interineti:

Andika ubutumwa bwawe hano hanyuma ubwoherereze
Igihe cyo kohereza: 16 Nzeri 2025

Ibyiciro by'ibicuruzwa

Kanda Enter kugira ngo ushakishe cyangwa ESC kugira ngo ufunge