Isesengura ry'amazi yo kunywa ryakozwe kuri interineti rikoresheje uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe

Ubushyuhe, igipimo cy'ubushyuhe mu mazi, byagaragaye nk'ikimenyetso cyoroshye kandi cy'ibanze cy'ubwiza bw'amazi. Yakoreshejwe mu kugenzura amazi yo kunywa, harimo n'ayakozwe no kuyungurura mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo. Gupima ubushyuhe bisaba gukoresha urumuri, rufite imiterere isobanutse, kugira ngo hamenyekane niba hari ibice by'amazi biri mu mazi cyangwa mu kindi gipimo cy'amazi. Urumuri rwitwa urumuri rw'ibintu biba mu mazi. Ibintu biba mu mazi bituma urumuri rw'ibintu biba mu mazi rukwirakwira kandi uru rumuri rutatanye ruraboneka kandi rugapimwa ugereranyije n'ibipimo byo gupima. Uko ingano y'ibikoresho biba mu gipimo iba iri hejuru, ni ko urumuri rw'ibintu biba mu mazi rukwirakwira cyane kandi ubushyuhe buvamo bukaba bwinshi.

Agace kose kari mu gipimo kanyura mu isoko ry’urumuri rwagenwe (akenshi itara rishyuha, diode isohora urumuri (LED) cyangwa diode ya laser), bishobora kugira uruhare mu guhindagurika kw’urumuri muri rusange mu gipimo. Intego yo gusesengura ni ukuvanaho uduce duto mu gipimo icyo ari cyo cyose. Iyo sisitemu zo gusesengura zikora neza kandi zigakurikiranwa hakoreshejwe turbidimeter, guhindagurika kw’amazi bizarangwa no gupima bike kandi bidahindagurika. Hari turbidimeter zitagira ingaruka nziza ku mazi meza cyane, aho ingano y’uduce n’umubare w’uduce ari hasi cyane. Kuri turbidimeter zidafite ubushobozi bwo kumva kuri izi ntera nke, impinduka z’urumuri zikomoka ku guhindagurika kw’urumuri zishobora kuba nto cyane ku buryo zitamenyekana n’urusaku rw’ibanze rw’urumuri rw’igikoresho.

Uru rusaku rw'ibanze rufite amasoko menshi arimo urusaku rw'ibikoresho (urusaku rw'ikoranabuhanga), urumuri rw'ibikoresho bisohoka, urusaku rw'icyitegererezo, n'urusaku ruri mu isoko ry'urumuri ubwarwo. Izi mvururu ni inyongeramusaruro kandi ziba isoko y'ibanze y'ibisubizo by'impimbano kandi zishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku mupaka wo kumenya ibikoresho.

Ingingo y’ibipimo mu gupima turbidimetrike igorana bitewe n’ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibipimo bikoreshwa muri rusange kandi byemewe mu gutanga raporo n’imiryango nka USEPA na Standard Methods, ndetse n’igice kimwe n’amagambo cyangwa ibisobanuro bikoreshwa kuri byo. Mu gitabo cya 19 cy’Uburyo Busanzwe bwo Gusuzuma Amazi n’Amazi Yanduye, hasobanuwe neza ibipimo by’ibanze n’iby’inyongera. Standard Methods zisobanura igipimo cy’ibanze nk’igitegurwa n’umukoresha mu bikoresho fatizo bishobora gukurikiranwa, hakoreshejwe uburyo bunoze kandi mu gihe ibidukikije bigenzurwa. Mu gihe cy’amazi, Formazin ni yo gipimo cy’ibanze cyemewe kandi andi mahame yose akurikiranwa na Formazin. Byongeye kandi, algorithms z’ibikoresho n’ibisobanuro bya turbidimeteri bigomba gutegurwa hakurikijwe iri gipimo cy’ibanze.

Ubu uburyo busanzwe busobanura amahame y’inyongera nk’amahame uruganda (cyangwa ikigo cyigenga gipima) cyemeje gutanga ibisubizo byo gupima ibikoresho bingana (mu mbibi zimwe na zimwe) n’ibisubizo byabonetse iyo igikoresho gipimwe hifashishijwe amahame ya Formazin yateguwe n’umukoresha (amahame y’ibanze). Amahame atandukanye akwiriye gupimwa arahari, harimo ububiko bw’ibicuruzwa bwa NTU Formazin 4.000, ububiko bwa Formazin buhamye (StablCal™ Stabilized Formazin Standards, byitwa kandi StablCal Standards, StablCal Solutions, cyangwa StablCal), hamwe n’ububiko bw’ibicuruzwa bya microspheres bya styrene divinylbenzene copolymer.